Streptomyces+griseus

09006166 = //Streptomyces griseus// = =What?= //Streptomyces griseus// is a rod shaped, spore forming bacterium commonly found in soil. It helps to naturally decompose organic matter. It is a streptomycin producer and can also sometimes be found in deep sea sediment. Sometimes referred to as //Actinomyces grisues//, these becteria are infrequent pathogens meaning they are infectous agents however they only have a Biohazard Level of 1 meaning they are relatively harmless to humans. == =Classification= Domain: Bacteria Phylum: Actinobacteria Order: Actinomycetales Family: Streptomycetaceae Genus: Streptomyces

=Facts=
 * < Gram Stain ||< Positive ||
 * < Growth Temperature ||< 26 degrees celsius ||
 * < Respiration ||< Aerobic ||
 * < Energy Requirment ||< Heterotrophic (organic matter) ||
 * < Reproduction ||< Asexual ||
 * < Motility ||< Non-motile ||
 * < Growth Media ||< YMG agar, YMG broth ||
 * < Biohazard Level ||< 1 ||

=media type="youtube" key="-_VtA-Dv3XQ" height="276" width="435" align="right"Industrial Usage/Economic Implications= //Streptomyces grisues// is very commonly used in the production of antobiotics as are alot bacteria from the Streptomyces genus. The first antibiotic reported from a bacterium comes from strains of this. Antibiotics specifically made from //Streptomyces griseus// include: //Streptomyces griseus// was most famously used to treat tuberculosis when Streptomycin was derived from it in 1943 by Dr. Selman Waksman and co-workers. It can also be used to produce the anti- cancer drug streptocin and is now thought to be a good bacterium to use in the purifying of water. The video to the right discusses the use of streptomycin in crops and the implications this might have.
 * Streptomycin (and other clinical derivatives)
 * Cycloheximide
 * Candicidin B
 * Grisein

=﻿Antibiotics= The discovery of antibiotics has improved the health and quality of life of individuals drastically. Different //Streptomyces griseus// strains are able to produce different antibiotics that have been exploited by the human population.

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Is a powerful antibiotic used to treat severe illness. It was first used to treat tuberculosis. Streptomycin can only be administered to the patient by injection and is usually injected into large muscles. =====

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Is used in [|candidiasis], which is a variety of infections caused by the fungi species Candida. It uses the antifungal hepteane macrolides from Streptomyces griseus. =====

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This has a much narrower antibiotic spectrum than streptomycin and other antibiotics produced by Streptomyces grieus strains. It is not effective on the likes of tuberculosis, for example. Bacteria resistance to grisein is more rapid than in other antibiotics. =====

=Interesting Facts= =More Information= There are many interesting journal articles that talk about //Streptomyces griseus// and it's uses, applications and other interesting information. For more information on this bacteria and studies into this bacteria some links are provided below:
 * //Streptomyces griseus// gives soil its "earthy" smell. This is because it produces an organic compound known as geosmin. Humans are very sensitive to the smell of geosmin.
 * This bacterium is also involved in a symbiotic relationship with an ant species from the genus Attini. It inhabits the cuticles of the ant and helps them to maintain the fungal gardens that they produce as it contains special toxins that maintain the main type of weed in the ants fungal garden.
 * The word "Streptomyces" derives from the Latin word "strepto" meaning twisted and the Greek word "mukes" meaning fungus. This mostly refers to the shape of the bacterium.
 * The linear chromosome of this bacterium has a very high G-C content of 72.2%.
 * [|Purification and properties of an endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase from Streptomyces griseus] - []
 * [|Genome sequence of the streptomycin-producing microorganism **Streptomyces griseus** IFO 13350] - [][|An A-factor-dependent extracytoplasmic function sigma factor (sigma AdsA) that is essential for morphological development in **Streptomyces griseus**]
 * - []
 * [|The Production, Assay, and Antibiotic Activity of Actidione, an Antiobiotic from **Streptomyces griseus**] - []